Paul Oliver Memorial Hospital LTCU

Location & what’s nearby

Open in Google Maps ↗ · Directions ↗ · Larger map ↗

Nearest of each type, straight-line distance. Hospitals come from the CMS Hospital General Information registry; everything else from Overture Maps (public data). Hospital and park hours are typical — call ahead to confirm.

Quality measures — how residents actually fare

Quality-measure stars summarize outcomes CMS tracks from the assessments each home submits — avoidable hospitalizations and ER visits, falls with injury, pressure ulcers, unplanned weight loss, and long-term antipsychotic use. Because the underlying data is self-reported, weigh a high score against the independent inspection record. Long-stay = permanent residents; short-stay = rehab and post-hospital stays.

Short-stay rehab — if you are coming here from a hospital

Arriving from a hospital right now? Read the discharge guide → — your appeal rights, how to slow a rushed discharge, and what to ask about the numbers below.

56.4% of the Medicare patients who left this home got back to the community and stayed there for at least 31 days — which CMS reads as no different from the national rate. This is CMS’s risk-adjusted rate over 48 Medicare stays in Oct 2022–Sep 2024, and CMS’s own comparison — not ours.

Met the expected recovery: 77.3% of this home’s Medicare short-stay residents left it at or above the ability to care for themselves and move around that CMS predicted for them, across 44 stays in Oct 2024–Sep 2025. The median of the 11,061 homes CMS publishes this for is 56.6%. Read it beside the getting-home figure, not instead of it: unlike the two measures above, CMS makes no better-or-worse call on this one and publishes no confidence interval for it, so this is a comparison and not a verdict — but it is the short-stay measure that separates homes most, and the one to ask about.

Therapy staffing: this home’s payroll records show 0.61 therapist hours per resident per day in 2026Q1 — more than 88% of the 13,892 homes that report any therapy hours at all.

Weekend therapy: weekend therapy hours are 6% of this home’s weekday level — it runs some therapy at the weekend, at a lower level than on weekdays. The median home that reports therapy runs 13% — weekday-focused therapy is the industry norm, not a shortfall. But recovery does not pause on a Saturday: ask what the weekend actually looks like here.

This section is about rehab stays, not living here. Most of this page — the stars, the quality measures, the inspection record — describes the home the way a permanent resident experiences it. These figures describe the short Medicare stay after a hospital discharge: a hip, a stroke, a bad infection, six weeks and home. They are different residents, different staff, often a different wing. Therapy hours are per resident in the building, not per rehab patient — the count includes every long-stay resident, and they mostly get no therapy at all. So a home with a small rehab wing inside a large nursing population reads low here even if its rehab patients get plenty of therapy, and a mostly-rehab home reads high. Use it to compare homes doing similar work, ask what a rehab resident actually gets in a day, and remember that CMS does not publish therapy minutes per patient — nobody does.

Staffing

How full it usually is: this home is certified for 35 beds and averages 28.0 residents a day — about 80% occupied, or roughly 7 beds typically open. It usually has some room. This is a CMS average, not live availability — no public source publishes real-time vacancies, and a home can be full the day you call. Confirm with the home, and if you need a Medicaid bed specifically, ask about that separately: a home with open beds may still not have an open Medicaid bed.

Against a benchmark — not a legal minimum. In May 2024 CMS finalized the first federal staffing floor for nursing homes: 3.48 total nurse hours per resident per day, including 0.55 RN hours and 2.45 nurse-aide hours. Its hour requirements never took effect and are no longer on the books. Homes had until 2026 (2027 if rural) to comply, and that deadline never arrived: a federal court vacated the hour requirements in April 2025 (CMS has appealed), Congress then barred enforcement until 2034, and CMS formally repealed them by rule effective February 2026. This home is not required to meet these numbers, and is not violating anything by missing them. We still show the comparison because the figures are CMS’s own published estimate of adequate staffing, which makes them a useful yardstick — but they are our benchmark, not federal law: this home’s total nurse staffing of 5.86 hrs/resident/day is at or above the 3.48-hour benchmark and RN staffing of 1.74 is at or above the 0.55-hour RN benchmark and nurse-aide staffing of 3.55 is at or above the 2.45-hour aide benchmark. What federal law does require today is unchanged: “sufficient” nursing staff for residents’ needs and an RN on duty at least 8 consecutive hours a day, 7 days a week (42 CFR 483.35). Those are judged by inspectors on site, not by these averages, so read this comparison alongside the inspection record rather than as a pass/fail.

Weekend coverage: total nurse staffing is 5.35 hrs/resident/day on weekends vs 6.07 on weekdays — 12% thinner on weekends. RN hours go from 1.86 to 1.44 per resident-day. (Payroll-based daily records; the national median home is 15% thinner on weekends.)

This home’s total nursing-staff turnover of 22% is below the national median of 45%.

Payroll-based (PBJ) staffing hours, as reported for Jan–Mar 2026 (CMS PBJ CY2026Q1) — the most recent quarter CMS has published, so they can lag a change of operator or staffing agency. Higher is generally better. Registered-nurse coverage and weekend staffing are the numbers families most often overlook — an RN on site matters most when something goes wrong, and coverage usually thins on weekends. High turnover means residents rarely see the same caregiver twice. One caveat: these are hours as reported, not adjusted for how sick or heavy-care this home’s residents are. CMS separately publishes a case-mix-adjusted view; we show the reported hours. A home caring for higher-acuity residents needs more hours to deliver the same care, so compare these figures against homes doing similar work, and read them next to the inspection record rather than alone.

Inspection trend

Deficiencies are more than at the previous inspection — worsening. Fewer citations over time suggests a home is fixing problems; a rising count is a warning sign — though two surveys are a short record, and survey teams differ. These counts are from the standard annual health survey only; the full citation list below may also include findings from complaint investigations, so the two won’t always add up.

Inspection deficiencies

State health-inspection citations, most serious first. Each carries an F-code (the federal rule it cites, e.g. F-684 = quality of care) and a letter A–L marking how serious and how widespread the problem was — we translate that grid into the plain tiers shown here. Wording is the official federal description.

Each letter is a CMS scope-severity level; highlighted ones are where this home has citations. A–C = no harm found; D–F = potential for harm; G–I = actual harm; J–L = immediate jeopardy. Within each band the later letter is the more widespread finding (an isolated G is one resident; a widespread I is a pattern), so rightward and downward is worse.

17 citations, most serious first. The 11 most serious are shown; the remaining 6 are one tap away and print in full.

• Actual harm · G2024-06-27 · tag F0600 — failed to protect residents from abuse and neglect — isolated
  Protect each resident from all types of abuse such as physical, mental, sexual abuse, physical punishment, and neglect by anybody.
  What the surveyor found here — an excerpt from the official record, may be distressing

  Based on interview and record review, the facility failed to protect one Resident (Resident #1) from sexual abuse by a facility employee of 3 residents reviewed for abuse and neglect. This deficient practice resulted in Resident #1 experiencing feelings of embarrassment, anxiety, and fear. Findings include: Resident #1 (R1): Review of R1's electronic medical record (EMR) revealed admission to the facility on 5/9/24 with diagnoses that included a displaced fracture of the right lower leg. Review of R1's Minimum Data Set (MDS) assessment completed upon admission revealed a Brief Interview for Mental Status (BIMS) score of 15, indicative of intact cognition. On 6/27/24 at 9:31 AM, an interview was conducted with R1 who reported she had been sexually assaulted on 6/4/24 by a certified nursing assistant (CNA) employed at the facility, Perpetrator D. R1 reported at some point before the lunch meal on 6/4/24, Perpetrator D assisted R1 to the bathroom with a total lift. R1 stated, during a transfer, Perpetrator D twisted his back and stated he needed to be more careful in case he found a…

  This is the beginning of the surveyor’s statement, cut to keep the page readable — the full 2567 continues past this point and often ends with the findings that matter most, such as whether an immediate jeopardy was removed before the surveyors left. The complete statement of deficiencies is a public record: request it from your state survey agency, or ask the home for its 2567 and plan of correction — it must make them available to residents and families.

  Freedom from Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation Deficiencies · Deficient, Provider has date of correction
• Potential for harm · E2026-05-06 · tag F0755 — failed to provide safe pharmacy services — pattern
  Provide pharmaceutical services to meet the needs of each resident and employ or obtain the services of a licensed pharmacist.
  What the surveyor found here — an excerpt from the official record, may be distressing

  Based on observation, interview, and record review the facility failed to ensure medication reconciliation was completed shift to shift per standards of practice for two of two medication carts and one of one medication rooms reviewed for pharmaceutical services.Findings include:On 5/4/26 at 1:15 PM, an observation was made of the medication storage room and was found to be out of compliance with the back-up narcotic box not being double locked and lying on the top of the medication counter with two plastic zip locks. During this time the narcotic sign-off sheet was observed and found to have missing shift to shift signatures confirming the narcotic box maintained the same lock numbers. During an interview on 5/4/26 at 1:20 PM, Registered Nurse (RN) C was asked about the box and why it was not behind a locked key cupboard and replied, It has always been that way. The Director of Nursing (DON) was asked on 5/4/26 at 1:25 PM, if the narcotic box locked with the two plastic zip locks was then why was it not checked after every shift like it is supposed to be and did not have an answer.…

  This is the beginning of the surveyor’s statement, cut to keep the page readable — the full 2567 continues past this point and often ends with the findings that matter most, such as whether an immediate jeopardy was removed before the surveyors left. The complete statement of deficiencies is a public record: request it from your state survey agency, or ask the home for its 2567 and plan of correction — it must make them available to residents and families.

  Pharmacy Service Deficiencies · Deficient, Provider has date of correction
• Potential for harm · E2026-05-06 · tag F0761 — failed to label and store drugs safely — pattern
  Ensure drugs and biologicals used in the facility are labeled in accordance with currently accepted professional principles; and all drugs and biologicals must be stored in locked compartments, separately locked, compartments for controlled drugs.
  What the surveyor found here — an excerpt from the official record, may be distressing

  NOTE- TERMS IN BRACKETS HAVE BEEN EDITED TO PROTECT CONFIDENTIALITY Based on observation, interview, and record review the facility failed to store medications in a safe manner for two of two medication carts and one of one medication rooms reviewed for medication storage.Findings include:During an inspection of the medication cart for the front hall on [DATE] at 1:03 PM, the medication cart was found to be out of compliance with medication storage. The front medication cart had two insulin pens that had an open date but lacked an expiration date. The front hall medication cart also had one loose pill in the second drawer with multiple paper debris. The medication was a round white pill with imprints of EP 117 and identified as furosemide 40 milligrams (mg). Registered Nurse (RN) E was asked if the pens should have an expiration date and if any loose medication should be left in the medication cart and replied, I did not know the insulin pens needed an expiration date and no loose medications should be left in the cart.On [DATE] at 1:10 PM, an inspection was made of the back…

  This is the beginning of the surveyor’s statement, cut to keep the page readable — the full 2567 continues past this point and often ends with the findings that matter most, such as whether an immediate jeopardy was removed before the surveyors left. The complete statement of deficiencies is a public record: request it from your state survey agency, or ask the home for its 2567 and plan of correction — it must make them available to residents and families.

  Pharmacy Service Deficiencies · Deficient, Provider has date of correction
• Potential for harm · D2026-05-06 · tag F0645 — isolated
  PASARR screening for Mental disorders or Intellectual Disabilities
  What the surveyor found here — an excerpt from the official record, may be distressing

  Based on interview and record review, the facility failed to ensure a Level II PASARR (Preadmission Screening and Annual Record Review) evaluation was completed on 1 Resident (#7) of 1 sampled residents for preadmission screening and annual record review for mental health needs or intellectual disabilities.Findings include: Resident #7 (R7)A review of R7's electronic record indicated admission to the facility with diagnosis including bipolar disorder on 6/4/24. R41's EMR indicated PASARR II was completed on 8/5/24. The PASARR II stated, if the above-named individual remains in the nursing facility, a Level II Evaluation is needed by August 4, 2025.On 5/5/26 at 11:40 AM, during an interview, the Director of Nursing (DON) stated Registered Nurse (RN) J is responsible for the facility's social services. The DON stated RN J would also be responsible for monitoring and obtaining requests for the PASARR process.At 1:11 PM on 5/5/26, an interview was conducted with RN J, who stated a request for the PASARR would have been her responsibility. She stated it was her fault it had not been…

  This is the beginning of the surveyor’s statement, cut to keep the page readable — the full 2567 continues past this point and often ends with the findings that matter most, such as whether an immediate jeopardy was removed before the surveyors left. The complete statement of deficiencies is a public record: request it from your state survey agency, or ask the home for its 2567 and plan of correction — it must make them available to residents and families.

  Resident Assessment and Care Planning Deficiencies · Deficient, Provider has date of correction
• Potential for harm · Dcited before2026-05-06 · tag F0686 — failed to prevent and treat pressure sores (bedsores) — isolated
  Provide appropriate pressure ulcer care and prevent new ulcers from developing.
  What the surveyor found here — an excerpt from the official record, may be distressing

  Based on observation, interview, and record review the facility failed to prevent the development of a pressure ulcer and document measurements per standards of practice for one Resident (#4) of three residents reviewed for pressure ulcer development.Findings include: Resident #4 (R4)On 5/4/26 at 11:43 AM, an interview was conducted with R4 in her room. R4 was asked if she had a pressure ulcer on her buttocks and replied, Yes, it comes and goes.On 5/5/26 at 10:45 AM, an observation was made of R4's dressing change with Registered Nurse (RN) G. It was noted to have a padded dressing over her left and right buttock and another padded dressing between her knees on the inner side of her right knee. After removing the dressings on R4's buttocks there was another area that was open just above the original pressure ulcer on R4's right buttocks. The new upper open area was noted to be 1.0 centimeters (cm) by 1.0 cm. Measurements of R4's right lower buttocks were 2.5 cm x 1.5 cm.Review of R4's electronic medical record (EMR), revealed an order dated 3/27/26 to document assessment of…

  This is the beginning of the surveyor’s statement, cut to keep the page readable — the full 2567 continues past this point and often ends with the findings that matter most, such as whether an immediate jeopardy was removed before the surveyors left. The complete statement of deficiencies is a public record: request it from your state survey agency, or ask the home for its 2567 and plan of correction — it must make them available to residents and families.

  Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies · Deficient, Provider has date of correction
• Potential for harm · D2026-05-06 · tag F0695 — failed to provide proper breathing / tracheostomy care — isolated
  Provide safe and appropriate respiratory care for a resident when needed.
  What the surveyor found here — an excerpt from the official record, may be distressing

  Based on observations, interview, and record review, the facility failed to ensure respiratory equipment was stored in a clean and sanitary manner between resident use for three Residents (#5, # 37, #38) of four residents reviewed for respiratory care.Findings include:Resident #5 (R5) On 5/4/26 at 12:32 PM an observation was made that noted a CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) machine mask was draped across a small dresser next to R5's bed. The mask was open to air, not in a plastic bag. At 9:25 AM on 5/5/26 the CPAP mask was again noted to be draped across a small dresser next to R5's bed, with the mask open to air, not in a plastic bag. Resident #37 (R37) On 5/4/26 at 12:35 PM, an observation was made of R37's room and was found to have an intact nebulizer on his nightstand with condensation in the medication cup. R37 also had a bubbler on his nightstand with oxygen tubing coiled up around the bubbler. Neither of R37's respiratory equipment was stored in a bag as R37 was not utilizing either piece of respiratory equipment. At 9:52 AM on 5/5/26, R37's nebulizer was observed…

  This is the beginning of the surveyor’s statement, cut to keep the page readable — the full 2567 continues past this point and often ends with the findings that matter most, such as whether an immediate jeopardy was removed before the surveyors left. The complete statement of deficiencies is a public record: request it from your state survey agency, or ask the home for its 2567 and plan of correction — it must make them available to residents and families.

  Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies · Deficient, Provider has date of correction
• Potential for harm · Fcited before2025-03-20 · tag F0812 — failed to store, cook, and serve food safely — widespread
  Procure food from sources approved or considered satisfactory and store, prepare, distribute and serve food in accordance with professional standards.
  What the surveyor found here — an excerpt from the official record, may be distressing

  Based on observation, interview, and record review, the facility failed to store food in accordance with professional standards for food service safety as evidenced by failing to ensure that potentially hazardous foods were dated and disposed of when expired and failed to maintain equipment and serving utensils in a sanitary manner. This deficient practice had the potential to result in food borne illness among any of the 29 residents in the facility. Findings include: On 3/19/25 at 2:14 PM, a tour of the dietary department was made with Certified Dietary Manager (CDM) A resulting in the following observations: - The reach in freezer in storeroom/manager office area revealed frozen yogurt marked with a use by date of 2/8/25. - The hood area in the kitchen contained two large rolling bins stored under cooking units. Both bins had a yellowing film with brown bits of crumbs stuck to the top of each cover. The first bin contained a 20-pound bag of flour which was approximately 1/2 full and dated with a manufacturer's stamp of 6/9/24. CDM A examined the bag and could not verify when the…

  This is the beginning of the surveyor’s statement, cut to keep the page readable — the full 2567 continues past this point and often ends with the findings that matter most, such as whether an immediate jeopardy was removed before the surveyors left. The complete statement of deficiencies is a public record: request it from your state survey agency, or ask the home for its 2567 and plan of correction — it must make them available to residents and families.

  Nutrition and Dietary Deficiencies · Deficient, Provider has date of correction
• Potential for harm · Fcited before2024-02-28 · tag F0812 — failed to store, cook, and serve food safely — widespread
  Procure food from sources approved or considered satisfactory and store, prepare, distribute and serve food in accordance with professional standards.
  What the surveyor found here — an excerpt from the official record, may be distressing

  NOTE- TERMS IN BRACKETS HAVE BEEN EDITED TO PROTECT CONFIDENTIALITY Based on observation, interview and record review, the facility failed to store, prepare, distribute, and serve food in accordance with professional standards for food service safety potentially resulting in a food borne illness among any or all 24 residents. Findings include: On 2/26/24 between 10:15 AM and 12:15 PM, observations were made of the kitchen, located in the basement and the serving area located on the second floor resident area. The following was observed: * A plastic container labeled sloppy joe was in the walk in cooler with an expiration date of 2/22. * A plastic container with what appeared to be [NAME] slaw, was not labeled with its contents or any dating in the walk in cooler. * A package of sliced sandwich turkey was opened without any label indicating the date opened or expiration date. The package was open to the air and not sealed in the refrigerator drawer of the kitchenette serving area. *A plate of sandwiches in the kitchenette refrigerator had a use by date of 2/25. *An open package…

  This is the beginning of the surveyor’s statement, cut to keep the page readable — the full 2567 continues past this point and often ends with the findings that matter most, such as whether an immediate jeopardy was removed before the surveyors left. The complete statement of deficiencies is a public record: request it from your state survey agency, or ask the home for its 2567 and plan of correction — it must make them available to residents and families.

  Nutrition and Dietary Deficiencies · Deficient, Provider has date of correction
• Potential for harm · F2024-02-28 · tag F0921 — failed to keep a safe, functional, sanitary building — widespread
  Make sure that the nursing home area is safe, easy to use, clean and comfortable for residents, staff and the public.
  What the surveyor found here — an excerpt from the official record, may be distressing

  Based on observation and interview, the facility failed to provide a safe, functional and sanitary environment for residents, staff and the public potentially affecting all 24 residents. Findings include: On 02/26/24 between 0:2:20 PM and 02:35 PM resident rooms were observed to have non-functioning night lights and included rooms and bathrooms: 204, 208, 209, 210, and 239. At approximately 2:50 PM an interview was conducted with Maintenance Director (MD) D concerning the non functional resident room night lights. MD D stated he was not aware of the lights not working and stated he did not do regular checks to see if they were working, rather, relied on staff to report them as non working to which the maintenance department would then respond and replace. MD D stated the lights would be replaced as soon as possible. On 02/26/24 at approximately 10:30 AM observations were made in the kitchen. Two potable water lines were observed exiting through the ceiling tiles and terminating at threaded hose connections near the three compartment sink,. Each water line was equipped with a shut…

  This is the beginning of the surveyor’s statement, cut to keep the page readable — the full 2567 continues past this point and often ends with the findings that matter most, such as whether an immediate jeopardy was removed before the surveyors left. The complete statement of deficiencies is a public record: request it from your state survey agency, or ask the home for its 2567 and plan of correction — it must make them available to residents and families.

  Environmental Deficiencies · Deficient, Provider has date of correction
• Potential for harm · D2024-02-28 · tag F0625 — isolated
  Notify the resident or the resident’s representative in writing how long the nursing home will hold the resident’s bed in cases of transfer to a hospital or therapeutic leave.
  What the surveyor found here — an excerpt from the official record, may be distressing

  Based on interview and record review, the facility failed to ensure written information was provided to two Resident/Representatives (#8 and #16) of two residents reviewed for written notice of bed hold. This deficient practice resulted in the potential for residents/representatives being unaware of incurring expenses related to reserve payment. Findings include: Resident #8 (R8) A review of the Clinical Notes in the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) for R8 revealed the following: 1/12/2024 14:33 (2:33PM) - [Director of Social Work K] forwarded resident's lab results to [facility physician] for review. [Facility physician] contacted urologist and then called this nurse at 1405 (2:05PM) with new order to send [R8] to ED (emergency department) for evaluation and treatment r/t (related to) cystitis. 1/20/24 21:12 (9:12PM) - .Res (resident) laying in bed with eyes closed. When attempting to assess Res, there was very little response . [Facility Nurse Practitioner] consulted and agreed with this nurse that Res should be evaluated in the ER (emergency room) r/t decrease responsiveness. Res…

  This is the beginning of the surveyor’s statement, cut to keep the page readable — the full 2567 continues past this point and often ends with the findings that matter most, such as whether an immediate jeopardy was removed before the surveyors left. The complete statement of deficiencies is a public record: request it from your state survey agency, or ask the home for its 2567 and plan of correction — it must make them available to residents and families.

  Resident Rights Deficiencies · Deficient, Provider has date of correction
• Potential for harm · Dcited before2024-02-28 · tag F0686 — failed to prevent and treat pressure sores (bedsores) — isolated
  Provide appropriate pressure ulcer care and prevent new ulcers from developing.
  What the surveyor found here — an excerpt from the official record, may be distressing

  NOTE- TERMS IN BRACKETS HAVE BEEN EDITED TO PROTECT CONFIDENTIALITY Based on observation, interview, and record review, the facility failed to ensure interventions for turning/repositioning were implemented and accurately documented for one Resident (#8) of three residents reviewed for pressure ulcers. This deficient practice resulted in the potential for worsening of an existing pressure ulcer for a high-risk resident [Resident #8]. Findings include: Resident # 8 (R8) Review of R8's electronic medical record (EMR) revealed the most recent admission to the facility was on 3/15/23 with diagnoses including a stage two pressure ulcer of the sacral region (the bone at the base of the spine), cerebral infarction (stroke), and hemiplegia (paralysis) of the left side. Review of R8's most recent Minimum Data Set (MDS) assessment dated [DATE] revealed a Brief Interview for Mental Status (BIMS) score of 1, indicative of severe cognitive impairment. An observation made during the initial tour of the facility on 2/26/24 at 10:42 AM found R8 positioned on her back with the head of bed…

  This is the beginning of the surveyor’s statement, cut to keep the page readable — the full 2567 continues past this point and often ends with the findings that matter most, such as whether an immediate jeopardy was removed before the surveyors left. The complete statement of deficiencies is a public record: request it from your state survey agency, or ask the home for its 2567 and plan of correction — it must make them available to residents and families.

  Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies · Deficient, Provider has date of correction

“Cited before” means this same F-tag appears on at least one other survey date in the record we hold — counting complaint investigations as well as standard surveys, with no time limit. It is our own read of the data, not CMS’s: CMS uses repeat deficiency as a formal term tied to consecutive standard surveys, and that is a narrower test than this one. A tag marked here may or may not meet it.

Fines & penalties

No federal fines in the current CMS record. 1 Medicare payment denial on record.

• Medicare payment denial — starting 2024-07-26 for 8 days

Dates are the dates CMS records the penalty, not the date of the conduct behind it. CMS publishes penalties on a rolling window, so this is what is currently on the public file — not the home’s lifetime history, and an older fine may attach to a problem that has since been corrected. The amounts are as imposed: the CMS file does not record whether a penalty was appealed, reduced, or paid, so we don’t say. Ask the home what each one was for and what changed since.

Who owns this facility

CMS files one row per role, so the 47 rows in the source record cover these 23 parties — each is shown once here with every role it holds. Nothing is omitted. The source lists no ownership percentage for any of them — PECOS records a share only for equity interests, not for board or management roles.

1 organizational owner listed — a facility can be part of a larger chain. CMS ownership data is known to under-report private-equity and REIT ties; treat as a starting point.

What families pay in MI